What does "iconography" in art refer to?

The term "iconography" in art specifically refers to the study of symbols and their meanings within various artworks. This involves understanding how different images, symbols, and signs communicate deeper meanings, cultural narratives, or historical contexts. Artworks often contain symbolic elements that can represent various ideas, concepts, or themes, and iconography allows art historians and viewers to analyze and interpret these elements to gain a more profound understanding of the piece.

By studying iconography, one can explore how cultural, religious, and personal symbols are employed in art, which can vary widely across different periods and cultures. This analysis enables a comprehensive appreciation of the artwork, revealing layers of meaning that might not be immediately apparent through a purely aesthetic evaluation.

The other choices relate to different aspects of art. For instance, the creation of three-dimensional forms pertains to sculpture, while shadowing techniques relate to the methods used to create depth and dimension in painting. The arrangement of visual elements, on the other hand, would refer more to composition rather than the symbolic interpretation of the artwork itself.