What is achieved by using overlapping in paintings?

Using overlapping in paintings contributes significantly to the creation of depth within a composition. When objects overlap, it establishes a sense of spatial relationships among them, suggesting which objects are closer to the viewer and which are further away. This technique mimics the way we perceive the real world, where items that are nearer block or obscure parts of those that are farther away, thereby enhancing the three-dimensionality of the artwork.

In contrast, while darkened colors, uniform color application, and flat perspectives can each play a role in certain artistic styles or effects, they do not inherently convey depth in the same way that overlapping does. Overlapping is a fundamental artistic strategy employed to help viewers interpret and navigate spatial relationships, making the scene more realistic and engaging.