Which artist is not primarily associated with abstract-expressionism?

Giorgio de Chirico is not primarily associated with abstract-expressionism because he is best known for founding the Metaphysical art movement, which predates abstract-expressionism and focuses on eerie, dream-like representations of landscapes and figures infused with philosophical symbolism. His work often features classical architecture and mysterious themes rather than the impulsive brushwork and emotional intensity characteristic of abstract-expressionism, which includes artists like Mark Rothko, Jackson Pollock, and Willem de Kooning.

Rothko and Pollock, for instance, are renowned for their color field paintings and action painting techniques, respectively, while de Kooning is famous for his gestural brushwork and dynamic compositions. All of these artists contributed significantly to the abstract-expressionist movement, which emphasizes spontaneity and the exploration of the subconscious, contrasting with de Chirico's more structured and symbolic approach.