Which style of painting emphasizes emotion and dramatic expression, popular in the late 19th century?

The style of painting that emphasizes emotion and dramatic expression, especially during the late 19th century, is Post-Impressionism. This movement emerged as a reaction to Impressionism, which focused more on capturing light and momentary effects rather than deeper emotional content. Post-Impressionist artists like Vincent van Gogh, Paul Cézanne, and Georges Seurat sought to explore the use of color, form, and line to convey their feelings and emotions, thus leading to a more subjective experience.

The movement favored bold colors, expressive brushwork, and a more personal, introspective approach to art, allowing the artist’s emotional state to guide the creation of their works. This focus on individual expression made Post-Impressionism a pivotal development in the history of art, influencing many subsequent movements.

Other styles listed, such as Impressionism and Surrealism, while significant in their own right, do not primarily emphasize the dramatic expression and emotional resonance characteristic of Post-Impressionism. Simplism is not recognized as a major art movement within this context, making Post-Impressionism the clear choice for this question.